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Tue Secher Jensen graduated from the University of Southern Denmark in 2002 and has been working as a researcher since his student years. After graduation, he worked as a chiropractic intern and as a chiropractor for a couple of years alongside his work as a research assistant. In 2009, he defended his PhD thesis on the prevalence, development and clinical value of Modic changes in the general population. From 2013 to 2016, he was employed as a senior researcher and clinical associate professor at the Spine Centre of Southern Denmark and since 2013 he has also been employed as a senior researcher at the Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics (NIKKB). We plan on discussing topics such as: a) Getting the Bio back into Biopsychosocial; b) Distinguishing among asymptomatic vs symptomatic individuals with imaging (MRI); c) Disc herniations and sciatica – does size matter?; d) Modic changes (what are they and why do we care); e) MRI techniques and when to use imaging. 

I am excited for the opportunity to discuss chiropractic research with Drs. Peterson and Humphreys in the near future. Cynthia Peterson, RN, DC, DACBR, M.Med.Ed. has worked as a chiropractic radiologist, researcher and educator in 4 countries.  She retired from her positions as Professor and researcher, Radiology Department, Orthopaedic University hospital Balgrist and Professor, Chiropractic Medicine Programme, University of Zürich in 2017.  She is currently a Visiting Professor for the Chiropractic Department in the Faculty of Health at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa and is the Quality Assurance Consultant for the European Council on Chiropractic Education.  Barry Kim Humphreys, BSc, DC, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich. He retired in July 2017, after 9 years as the first Professor for Chiropractic Medicine in Switzerland. During this time, Professor Humphreys was responsible for the development and accreditations of the chiropractic education program, research portfolio and teaching clinic within the university, medical faculty and teaching hospital. He has been active in research including chiropractic clinical outcome studies for back and neck pain, functional MRI studies of chronic pain patients and back pain in various gravitational environments (parabolic flight).  Please comment below if you have any questions for us during the interview. I might choose some of them for our conversation.

In this upcoming interview, Alice Kongsted, DC, PhD will discuss how the bio-medical/structural approach to back pain has failed and we need to implement a behavioural approach to back pain much more in practice. She will discuss the recommendation of active, non-pharmacological treatments that support self-management. Dr. Kongsted was part of the Lancet Low Back Pain Series Working Group that published three papers in March 2018 to call for worldwide recognition of the disability associated with back pain and the need for prioritizing this globally growing problem. Please comment below if you have any questions for us during the interview. I might choose some of them for our conversation.

pregnantMusculoskeletal pain in pregnant women is common and is frequently viewed as short-lived and temporary.  Most women report either low back pain (LBP) or pelvic pain (PP) during pregnancy and up to 40% of patients report pain during the 18 months after delivery.  Pelvic pain in pregnant women is a health care challenge in which moderate and severe pain develops rather early and has important implications for society.  These pain syndromes increase sick leave and impair general level of function during pregnancy.

Previous research has evaluated different treatments to reduce morbidity in women with LBP and/or PP during pregnancy including prescription exercise, manual manipulation, education, acupuncture, and pelvic belts amongst others.

The authors of this study conducted a prospective, randomized, masked clinical trial (including 169 women) to test the hypothesis that a multimodal approach (MOM) involving a chiropractor including manual therapy, exercise, and education for LBP/PP in pregnant women is superior to standard obstetric care (STOB) for reducing pain, impairment, and disability in the antepartum period.

Patients from this study were recruited from 3 university affiliated practices (Washington University, St. Louis, MO).  Patients were between 15-45 years old with a single fetus from 24-28 weeks’ gestation.  Patients were evaluated by their obstetric provider for LBP, PP or both.  Exclusion criteria included acute inflammatory disease, acute infectious disease, chronic back pain for greater than 8 weeks before pregnancy, a mental health disorder, back pain from visceral disease, ongoing treatment for previous back pain, peripheral vascular disease, substance abuse, or litigation pending from back pain.

A single, masked chiropractic specialist conducted the baseline evaluation (BE) with eligible volunteers before randomization.  Randomization of subjects across to the STOB group or the STOB plus multimodal musculoskeletal and obstetric treatment (MOM) group was achieved across all 3 sites.

Subjective and objective measures were collected at baseline evaluation (24-28 weeks’ gestation) with follow-up at 33 weeks’ gestation. Three questionnaires including the numerical rating scale, Quebec task force disability questionnaire (QDQ) and personal pain history (PPH) were obtained.  Physical assessments included the straight leg raise (SLR), posterior PP provocation test, active SLR, and long dorsal ligament test.

Patients in the both the STOB and MOM groups selected their own obstetric provider.   In addition to obstetric care, the MOM group had weekly visits with a chiropractor until 33 weeks’ gestation who provided education, manual therapy, and lower back and pelvic stabilization exercises.  Patients were reassured the pain experienced was not likely pathologic and that activation of joints and muscle through exercise would likely improve symptoms and signs without posing risk to the patient or her fetus.  Joint mobilization involved gently moving hypomobile joints in their restricted directions to help restore proper range of motion.  The gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, quadratus lumborum, abdominal wall, and intrinsic spine muscles were targeted in the quadruped, supine, or side-lying positions.

Key findings of this study were:

  • the MOM group (involving chiropractor) had a significant reduction in pain on 7 indices (NRS, QDQ, SLR(left), active SLR, long dorsal ligament test, PPH – leg and shoulders)
  • the STOB group had a significant increase in pain on 5 indices and only 1 improvement (PPH -leg)
  • The MOM group reported significantly less trouble sleeping at 33 weeks’ gestation than the STOB group
  • No adverse events were reported in either group

In summary, including chiropractic interventions with standard obstetric care for low back and pelvic pain in mid pregnancy benefits patients more than standard obstetric care alone. The benefits derived are both subjective and objective. Patients perceived less pain and disability and an overall global improvement in daily activities. Their physical examinations revealed improved range of motion, stability, and less irritation at the lumbar and pelvic joints.

Reference:

George JW, Skaggs CD, Thompson PA, Nelson DM, Gavard JA, Gross GA. A randomized controlled trial comparing a multimodal intervention and standard obstetrics care for low back and pelvic pain in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Apr;208(4):295.e1-7.

 

 

Episode

Dr. Brian Anderson

Dr. Brian Anderson DC, MPH, MS, PhD is an Assistant Professor within the Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research (PCCR) at the Palmer College of Chiropractic, where his research is focused on evaluation of nonpharmacological spine care delivery in the US. His background includes 15 years of clinical experience as a licensed chiropractic physician in a variety of settings, including private practice, a hospital-based integrative medicine center, and a chiropractic academic teaching clinic. He has also been an educator for the past 15 years, teaching courses at the undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate level. With a passion to better understand and contribute to conservative spine care research, he enrolled in a PhD program in Health Sciences in 2015 with a focus on Health Services Research. His dissertation was titled “A Secondary Analysis Of Insurance Claims Data To Determine The Association Between Provider Type And Treatment Escalation In Musculoskeletal Disorders”, which is a topic he continues to investigate currently. In this interview, we discuss his journey from chiropractor to researcher, and several of his publications.

After graduating with his PhD in 2019, he joined the faculty at the Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, where he participated in a pilot clinical study as a treating clinician, developed relationships with several research collaborators, and made progress towards developing his own research program.

Dr. Anderson’s research has been presented at many academic conferences, for which he has received several best paper awards. He is currently a co-investigator and primary analyst on a R15 grant titled “Spinal Manipulative Therapy vs Prescription Drug Therapy for Care of Aged Medicare Beneficiaries with Neck Pain”. He was recently awarded a 2-year Loan Repayment Award through the National Center for Complementary & Integrative Health (NCCIH), and also participated in the Fall 2022 cohort of the US Bone & Joint Young Investigators Initiative.

View Dr. Anderson’s publications at researchgate.net.

Here are the articles we discuss in this episode:

1.Risk of Treatment Escalation in Recipients vs Nonrecipients of Spinal Manipulation for Musculoskeletal Cervical Spine Disorders: An Analysis of Insurance Claims.Anderson BR, McClellan WS, Long CR.J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Jun;44(5):372-377. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2021.03.001. Epub 2021 Aug 6.PMID: 34366149
2.The Effect of Reduced Access to Chiropractic Care on Medical Service Use for Spine Conditions Among Older Adults.Davis M, Yakusheva O, Liu H, Anderson B, Bynum J.J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Jun;44(5):353-362. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2021.05.002. Epub 2021 Aug 8.PMID: 34376317 Free PMC article.
3.The Relationship Between Healthcare Provider Availability and Conservative Versus Non-conservative Treatment for Back Pain Among Older Americans.Anderson BR, Yakusheva O, Liu H, Bynum JPW, Davis MA.J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Mar;37(4):992-994. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06889-0. Epub 2021 May 24.PMID: 34031853 No abstract available.
4.Three Patterns of Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Back Pain and Their Association With Imaging Studies, Injection Procedures, and Surgery: A Cohort Study of Insurance Claims.Anderson BR, McClellan SW.J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Nov-Dec;44(9):683-689. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.03.010. Epub 2022 Jun 24.PMID: 35753873
Dr. Ken Weber

Dr. Ken Weber and I discuss his research pursuits which involve: 1) developing imaging modalities that are more sensitive and specific to the pathology, providing more diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information; 2) providing more quantitative information to the clinician; and 3) using these measures to better understand the nervous system and how it functions, the neurophysiology of pain, how treatments work, and why certain treatments work for some patients but not for others. Dr. Ken Weber is an Instructor in the Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine at Stanford University. He obtained his Doctor of Chiropractic from Palmer College of Chiropractic Florida in 2009 and then completed a PhD in neuroscience at Northwestern University in 2016, specializing in movement and rehabilitation science. Ken’s research intersects clinical pain research and advanced MRI techniques with an emphasis on brain, spinal cord, and musculoskeletal imaging. His research aims to better understand the neural and musculoskeletal changes underlying clinical pain conditions, the mechanisms of treatments, and predictors for recovery. Ken is currently supported by a K23 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health. His previous funding has included the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the NCMIC Foundation, Inc.

I’d also like to point out that Ken was recently selected to be part of the CARL (Chiropractic Academy for Research Leadership) program

View Dr. Weber‘s research at researchgate.net.

Here are some of the papers we discuss in this episode.

1. Machine Learning for the Prediction of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Post Hoc Pilot Study of 28 Participants.
  Hopkins BS, Weber KA 2nd, Kesavabhotla K, Paliwal M, Cantrell DR, Smith ZA.
  World Neurosurg. 2019 Jul;127:e436-e442. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.165. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
  PMID: 30922901 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
2. Are Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologies Crucial to Our Understanding of Spinal Conditions?
  Crawford RJ, Fortin M, Weber KA 2nd, Smith A, Elliott JM.
  J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019 May;49(5):320-329. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8793. Epub 2019 Mar 26.
  PMID: 30913967 [PubMed – in process]
  Similar articles
3. Lateral Corticospinal Tract Damage Correlates With Motor Output in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.
  Smith AC, Weber KA 2nd, O’Dell DR, Parrish TB, Wasielewski M, Elliott JM.
  Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Apr;99(4):660-666. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
  PMID: 29107041 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
4. Evidence for decreased Neurologic Pain Signature activation following thoracic spinal manipulation in healthy volunteers and participants with neck pain.
  Weber Ii KA, Wager TD, Mackey S, Elliott JM, Liu WC, Sparks CL.
  Neuroimage Clin. 2019;24:102042. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102042. Epub 2019 Oct 18.
  PMID: 31670070 [PubMed – in process] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
5. Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for the Automatic Quantification of Muscle Fat Infiltration Following Whiplash Injury.
  Weber KA, Smith AC, Wasielewski M, Eghtesad K, Upadhyayula PA, Wintermark M, Hastie TJ, Parrish TB, Mackey S, Elliott JM.
  Sci Rep. 2019 May 28;9(1):7973. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44416-8.
  PMID: 31138878 [PubMed – in process] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
Tue Secher Jensen

Tue Secher Jensen graduated from the University of Southern Denmark in 2002 and has been working as a researcher since his student years. After graduation, he worked as a chiropractic intern and as a chiropractor for a couple of years alongside his work as a research assistant. In 2009, he defended his PhD thesis on the prevalence, development and clinical value of Modic changes in the general population. From 2013 to 2016, he was employed as a senior researcher and clinical associate professor at the Spine Centre of Southern Denmark and since 2013 he has also been employed as a senior researcher at the Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics (NIKKB). Since 2017, Tue Secher Jensen has been employed at the Diagnostic Centre – Imaging Sector at the Regional Hospital in Silkeborg, Denmark, as a chiropractor doing research and reading spinal MRI. From 2018 to 2019 he was an associate professor at the Department of Clinical Medicine at Aarhus University. Tue Secher Jensen was recently (January 1st 2020) appointed, along with Lise Hestbaek (who has previously been on the podcast), as professors at the Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics at SDU.

Tue’s research has primarily focused on the clinical value of MRI findings in people with back pain. In recent years his research focus has shifted more towards clinical guidelines, knowledge translation and implementation.

See more of Tue’s research at researchgate.net.

The articles we discuss in this episode include:

1. Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations.
  Brinjikji W, Luetmer PH, Comstock B, Bresnahan BW, Chen LE, Deyo RA, Halabi S, Turner JA, Avins AL, James K, Wald JT, Kallmes DF, Jarvik JG.
  AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Apr;36(4):811-6. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4173. Epub 2014 Nov 27. Review.
  PMID: 25430861 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
2. MRI Findings of Disc Degeneration are More Prevalent in Adults with Low Back Pain than in Asymptomatic Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
  Brinjikji W, Diehn FE, Jarvik JG, Carr CM, Kallmes DF, Murad MH, Luetmer PH.
  AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Dec;36(12):2394-9. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4498. Epub 2015 Sep 10. Review.
  PMID: 26359154 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
  Similar articles
3. Magnetic resonance imaging findings as predictors of clinical outcome in patients with sciatica receiving active conservative treatment.
  Jensen TS, Albert HB, Sorensen JS, Manniche C, Leboeuf-Yde C.
  J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2007 Feb;30(2):98-108.
  PMID: 17320730 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
4. Natural course of disc morphology in patients with sciatica: an MRI study using a standardized qualitative classification system.
  Jensen TS, Albert HB, Soerensen JS, Manniche C, Leboeuf-Yde C.
  Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Jun 15;31(14):1605-12; discussion 1613.
  PMID: 16778696 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
5. Modic changes, possible causes and relation to low back pain.
  Albert HB, Kjaer P, Jensen TS, Sorensen JS, Bendix T, Manniche C.
  Med Hypotheses. 2008;70(2):361-8. Epub 2007 Jul 10.
  PMID: 17624684 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
6. Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain.
  Jensen TS, Karppinen J, Sorensen JS, Niinimäki J, Leboeuf-Yde C.
  Eur Spine J. 2008 Nov;17(11):1407-22. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0770-2. Epub 2008 Sep 12. Review.
  PMID: 18787845 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
7. Modic changes-Their associations with low back pain and activity limitation: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
  Herlin C, Kjaer P, Espeland A, Skouen JS, Leboeuf-Yde C, Karppinen J, Niinimäki J, Sørensen JS, Storheim K, Jensen TS.
  PLoS One. 2018 Aug 1;13(8):e0200677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200677. eCollection 2018.
  PMID: 30067777 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
8. Antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic low back pain and vertebral bone edema (Modic type 1 changes): a double-blind randomized clinical controlled trial of efficacy.
  Albert HB, Sorensen JS, Christensen BS, Manniche C.
  Eur Spine J. 2013 Apr;22(4):697-707. doi: 10.1007/s00586-013-2675-y. Epub 2013 Feb 13.
  PMID: 23404353 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
Dr. Kevin Haussler, DVM, DC, PhD

Kevin Haussler, DVM, DC, PhD and I discuss his research regarding chiropractic and horses.  In particular we discuss four themes in this interview: 1) How chiropractic techniques can be applied to horses; 2) How do you know you are making a difference (objective outcome measures)?; 3) Effects of mobilization versus manipulation in horses; 4)Controlled clinical trials in horses with acute versus chronic back pain.

Dr. Haussler graduated from The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine in 1988 and completed a small animal internship in Sacramento, CA.  To further his training in the conservative management of spinal-related disorders, he pursued human training at Palmer College of Chiropractic-West and completed a veterinary chiropractic certification program in 1993.  He attended the University of California-Davis to attain a PhD focusing on spinal pathology and pelvic biomechanics in Thoroughbred racehorses.  Post-doctorate training involved evaluation of in-vivo spinal kinematics in horses at Cornell University.  While at Cornell, he directed the newly formed Integrative Medicine Service which provided chiropractic, acupuncture and physical therapy services to both small and large animals.  Currently, he is an Associate Professor at the Orthopaedic Research Center at Colorado State University and is involved in teaching, clinical duties, and research into the objective assessment of musculoskeletal pain, spinal dysfunction and the application of physical therapy and rehabilitation. Dr. Haussler is a charter diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation and is currently a course instructor for the Equine Rehabilitation Certification course co-branded by the University of Tennessee and Colorado State University.

View Dr. Haussler’s research at researchgate.net

Below are the articles we discuss in this interview.

1. Haussler KK. Review of Manual Therapy Techniques in Equine Practice. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2009;29(12):849-69.
2. Haussler KK, Erb HN. Pressure algometry for the detection of induced back pain in horses: a preliminary study. Equine Vet J. 2006;38(1):76-81.
3. Haussler KK, Hill AE, Puttlitz CM, McIlwraith CW. Effects of vertebral mobilization and manipulation on kinematics of the thoracolumbar region. Am J Vet Res. 2007;68(5):508-16.
4. Haussler KK, Manchon PT, Donnell JR, Frisbie DD. Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Chiropractic Care on Back Pain in Quarter Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2020;86:102891.
5. Sullivan KA, Hill AE, Haussler KK. The effects of chiropractic, massage and phenylbutazone on spinal mechanical nociceptive thresholds in horses without clinical signs. Equine Vet J. 2008;40(1):14-20.

To see other chiropractic research on mobilization and manipulation here.

In this episode, Dr. Jeff Hebert discusses back pain in young people, the link between back pain, health behavior and cardiovascular disease & sport participation as a health intervention. Jeff Hebert, DC, PhD is a Professor and the CCRF/NBHRF Chair of Musculoskeletal Health Research at the University of New Brunswick, as well as an Adjunct Professor at Murdoch University in Australia. Jeff’s career to date includes 18 years of experience in faculty, clinical, and administrative positions in Canada, the United States, and Australia.  Most recently, he was the Associate Dean (Research) in Murdoch University’s School of Psychology and Exercise Science. Previous appointments include positions as a Senior Lecturer of Rehabilitation Science (Murdoch University) and Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery (University of Utah). He has earned a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology (University of Denver) as well as a Doctorate in Chiropractic (Palmer College) and PhD in Exercise Science (University of Utah). He serves as an Associate Editor for the journal Chiropractic & Manual Therapies. Before pursuing an academic career, Jeff worked as an outpatient and hospital-based clinician in multidisciplinary environments including as pain medicine, sports medicine, and spine surgery.

View Dr. Hebert’s research publications at researchgate.net.

Here are the articles that we discussed in this episode of the chiropractic science podcast.

1. Pubertal development and growth are prospectively associated with spinal pain in young people (CHAMPS study-DK).
  Hebert JJ, Leboeuf-Yde C, Franz C, Lardon A, Hestbæk L, Manson N, Wedderkopp N.
  Eur Spine J. 2019 Feb 11. doi: 10.1007/s00586-019-05905-6. [Epub ahead of print]
  PMID: 30740638 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
  Similar articles
2. The relationship of lumbar multifidus muscle morphology to previous, current, and future low back pain: a 9-year population-based prospective cohort study.
  Hebert JJ, Kjaer P, Fritz JM, Walker BF.
  Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Aug 1;39(17):1417-25. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000424.
  PMID: 24859576 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
3. Physical activity is prospectively associated with spinal pain in children (CHAMPS Study-DK).
  Franz C, Møller NC, Korsholm L, Jespersen E, Hebert JJ, Wedderkopp N.
  Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 14;7(1):11598. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11762-4.
  PMID: 28912463 [PubMed – in process] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
4. The Prospective Association of Organized Sports Participation With Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children (the CHAMPS Study-DK).
  Hebert JJ, Klakk H, Møller NC, Grøntved A, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N.
  Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Jan;92(1):57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.013. Epub 2016 Nov 16.
  PMID: 27865444 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles

Peter McCarthy, PhD

Dr. Peter McCarthy and I discuss his varied research in the profession from spine function to dysfunction and multidisciplinary teamwork. Professor Peter McCarthy PhD (Full Professor of clinical technology, University of South Wales, UK) has been involved in the education of chiropractors for 30 years. He obtained his PhD in neurophysiology from the University of St Andrews (1986) and worked in various institutes around the world. He first joined the AECC in 1989, moving in 1998 to the University of Glamorgan to help Susan King create and consolidate the first University based chiropractic course in the UK: later becoming the Welsh Institute of Chiropractic. Holding a couple of patents, Peter has been awarded honorary fellowships, from the BCA, RCC and EAC, and research awards from the National Back Pain Association and British Association for Sport and Exercise Medicine, amongst others; even being part of a team that won a National design award. He has successfully supervised PhD students from a wide range of professions across medicine, including 4 chiropractors. Although his research publication profile appears eclectic, it is tied together by his overarching interest in sensory neurophysiology. He has studied the innervation of spinal structures, factors that affect cervical spine function and also performed RCTs of therapies on chronic back pain. More recently, he has been looking at measuring the sensory factors that can help predict relative discomfort when sitting or lying as well as developing a multidisciplinary team interested in studying neck function changes in sport and developing ways of reducing the impact these changes can have.

A link to Dr. McCarthy’s researchgate profile is found here.

How to cite this episode:
Smith DL. Chiropractic Science: From Spine Function to Dysfunction and Multidisciplinary Teamwork With Dr. Peter McCarthy [internet]. Eaton, Ohio; Aug 1, 2018. Podcast: 59:14. Available from: https://chiropracticscience.com/podcast/drpetermccarthy/

Below is a list of some of the articles we discuss in this interview.

1. A pilot study assessing patient-centred care in patients with chronic health conditions attending chiropractic practice.
Stuber KJ, Langweiler M, Mior S, McCarthy PW.
Complement Ther Med. 2018 Aug;39:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.05.006. Epub 2018 May 18.
PMID: 30012379 [PubMed – in process]
Similar articles
2. Modelling the effect of electrode displacement on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
Ramaraju S, Roula MA, McCarthy PW.
J Neural Eng. 2018 Feb;15(1):016019. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa8d8a.
PMID: 28925375 [PubMed – in process]
Similar articles
3. Effect of Anodal-tDCS on Event-Related Potentials: A Controlled Study.
Izzidien A, Ramaraju S, Roula MA, McCarthy PW.
Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:1584947. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
PMID: 27957487 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
4. The factors and motivations behind United Kingdom chiropractic professional association membership: a survey of the Welsh Institute of Chiropractic Alumni.
Wotherspoon SE, McCarthy PW.
Chiropr Man Therap. 2016 Sep 12;24(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s12998-016-0115-x. eCollection 2016.
PMID: 27621800 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
5. Assessing patient-centered care in patients with chronic health conditions attending chiropractic practice: protocol for a mixed-methods study.
Stuber KJ, Langweiler M, Mior S, McCarthy PW.
Chiropr Man Therap. 2016 May 9;24:15. doi: 10.1186/s12998-016-0095-x. eCollection 2016.
PMID: 27162609 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
6. Wearing American Football helmets increases cervicocephalic kinaesthetic awareness in “elite” American Football players but not controls.
McCarthy PW, Hume PJ, Heusch AI, Lark SD.
Chiropr Man Therap. 2015 Nov 16;23:32. doi: 10.1186/s12998-015-0077-4. eCollection 2015.
PMID: 26576266 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
7. Survey based investigation into general practitioner referral patterns for spinal manipulative therapy.
Kier A, George M, McCarthy PW.
Chiropr Man Therap. 2013 May 29;21:16. doi: 10.1186/2045-709X-21-16. eCollection 2013.
PMID: 23718217 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
Similar articles

Dr. Alice KongstedJoin Dr. Kongsted and I as we discuss her unique role as an author of the recent groundbreaking Lancet series of articles on Low Back Pain as well as many other topics. Alice Kongsted, DC, PhD graduated from the University of Southern Denmark in 1999 and completed her PhD at the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Southern Denmark in 2005. Up till 2009 she had clinical work as a chiropractor alongside her academic work, mainly in an outpatient hospital department. Currently she holds a position as senior researcher at the Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics (NIKKB) and a position as Associate Professor at the Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics at University of Southern Denmark. At NIKKB she has set up a network of chiropractic primary care research clinics that regularly participates in data collection for research purposes, the data being made available to researchers both inside and outside NIKKB. Her research interests concern spinal pain with a focus on primary care. This includes investigating the prognosis of spinal pain and why people have different outcomes.

Lately, she has been much occupied with a large project exploring ways to implement evidence-based care in practice. She has an interest in methodology and has taught PhD courses on prognostic research at University of Southern Denmark and at Curtin University in Perth, Australia. Alice Kongsted is an Associate Editor of BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders and she is a member of the editorial board for Chiropractic & Manual Therapies. She has been involved in The Danish Health Authority’s development of three national clinical guidelines for treatment of lumbar radiculopathy, cervical radiculopathy and of non-specific neck pain. She was part of the Lancet Low Back Pain Series Working Group that published three papers in March 2018 to call for worldwide recognition of the disability associated with back pain and the need for prioritizing this globally growing problem. This Lancet series will be a focus of our conversation today.

Visit Dr. Kongsted’s research profile at researchgate.net.

Here is a list of articles Dr. Kongsted mentions during the interview:

1. Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions.
Foster NE, Anema JR, Cherkin D, Chou R, Cohen SP, Gross DP, Ferreira PH, Fritz JM, Koes BW, Peul W, Turner JA, Maher CG; Lancet Low Back Pain Series Working Group.
Lancet. 2018 Mar 20. pii: S0140-6736(18)30489-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30489-6. [Epub ahead of print] Review.
PMID: 29573872 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
Similar articles
2. Low back pain: a call for action.
Buchbinder R, van Tulder M, Öberg B, Costa LM, Woolf A, Schoene M, Croft P; Lancet Low Back Pain Series Working Group.
Lancet. 2018 Mar 20. pii: S0140-6736(18)30488-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30488-4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 29573871 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
Similar articles
3. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention.
Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, Louw Q, Ferreira ML, Genevay S, Hoy D, Karppinen J, Pransky G, Sieper J, Smeets RJ, Underwood M; Lancet Low Back Pain Series Working Group.
Lancet. 2018 Mar 20. pii: S0140-6736(18)30480-X. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30480-X. [Epub ahead of print] Review.
PMID: 29573870 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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4. Identifying subgroups of patients using latent class analysis: should we use a single-stage or a two-stage approach? A methodological study using a cohort of patients with low back pain.
Nielsen AM, Kent P, Hestbaek L, Vach W, Kongsted A.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Feb 1;18(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1411-x.
PMID: 28143458 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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5. What have we learned from ten years of trajectory research in low back pain?
Kongsted A, Kent P, Axen I, Downie AS, Dunn KM.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 May 21;17:220. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1071-2.
PMID: 27209166 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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Dr. Lise Hestbaek

In this episode Dr. Hestbæk discusses her research involving the life course of back pain and her focus on pediatric chiropractic.  Lise Hestbæk, DC, PhD, received her chiropractic degree in 1990 from Palmer College of Chiropractic. She was a practising chiropractor from 1991-2007 and from 1997 to 2007 was involved in part-time research, mostly at the Back Research Center in Ringe, Denmark. She received her Ph.D. in 2003 on a thesis about high-risk groups and risk factors for low back pain in children and adolescents. Since 2008 she has been an associate professor at University of Southern Denmark and senior researcher at the Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics. Her research focuses on two specific areas: 1. Musculoskeletal health in children and adolescence and; 2. Lifetime epidemiology of back pain.

See Lise’s publications here.

Here is the link to one of Lise’s free full text publications on musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents as mentioned in the podcast.

“Results: Rates of self-reported MSK pain in adolescents are similar to those in adult populations and they are typically higher in teenage girls than boys. Epidemiological research has identified conditions such as back and neck pain as major causes of disability in adolescents, and in up to a quarter of cases there are impacts on school or physical activities. A range of physical, psychological and social factors have been shown to be associated with MSK pain report, but the strength and direction of these relationships are unclear. There are few validated instruments available to quantify the nature and severity of MSK pain in children, but some show promise. Several national surveys have shown that adolescents with MSK pain commonly seek care and use medications for their condition. Some studies have revealed a link between MSK pain in adolescents and chronic pain in adults.

BULLET POINTS

• The prevalence of MSK pain approaches adult levels by the end of adolescence.
• Persistent adolescent MSK pain is a risk factor for chronic pain in adulthood.
• MSK pain has substantial impacts in up to 1/4 of cases.
• The relationship of other adverse health risk factors and MSK pain is unclear.
• There is little research to inform clinical management of childhood MSK pain”

Musculoskeletal pain conditions are often recurrent in nature, occurring throughout the life-course. Attempts to understand these conditions at a time close to their initial onset may offer a better chance of developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.”

Click here to find a list of Dr. Hestbæk’s publications on researchgate.

Here is a list of the publications we discuss during this interview:

1. Validity of Commonly Used Clinical Tests to Diagnose and Screen for Spinal Pain in Adolescents: A School-Based Cohort Study in 1300 Danes Aged 11-15 Years.
Aartun E, Hartvigsen J, Hestbaek L.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Feb;39(2):76-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.01.007.
PMID: 26896035 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
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2. Clinical examination findings as prognostic factors in low back pain: a systematic review of the literature.
Hartvigsen L, Kongsted A, Hestbaek L.
Chiropr Man Therap. 2015 Mar 23;23:13. doi: 10.1186/s12998-015-0054-y.
PMID: 25802737 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
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3. Patients with low back pain had distinct clinical course patterns that were typically neither complete recovery nor constant pain. A latent class analysis of longitudinal data.
Kongsted A, Kent P, Hestbaek L, Vach W.
Spine J. 2015 May 1;15(5):885-94. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.02.012.
PMID: 25681230 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free Article
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4. Low back pain across the life course.
Dunn KM, Hestbaek L, Cassidy JD.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2013 Oct;27(5):591-600. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2013.09.007. Review.
PMID: 24315141 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
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5. Musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents.
Kamper SJ, Henschke N, Hestbaek L, Dunn KM, Williams CM.
Braz J Phys Ther. 2016 Feb 16;20(3):275-84. doi: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0149.
PMID: 27437719 [PubMed – in process] Free PMC Article
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6. The evidence base for chiropractic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions in children and adolescents: The emperor’s new suit?
Hestbaek L, Stochkendahl MJ.
Chiropr Osteopat. 2010 Jun 2;18:15. doi: 10.1186/1746-1340-18-15.
PMID: 20525199 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
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Dr. Michael Schneider - Chiropractic Science Podcast
Learn about Dr. Michael Schneider’s chiropractic research on this episode of Chiropractic Science.  Dr. Schneider is a 1982 graduate of Palmer College of Chiropractic and obtained a PhD in Rehabilitation Science from the University of Pittsburgh in 2008. Dr. Schneider has published over 40 peer-reviewed articles on various musculoskeletal topics, and has received over $3 million in US research grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Dr. Schneider is currently implementing a large randomized clinical trial comparing various types of non-surgical treatment options, including chiropractic care, for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. We will discuss the clinical significance of his past and present chiropractic research efforts.

Topics for this episode include:

  • A paper published in the journal Spine comparing spinal manipulation and usual medical care for acute and subacute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial
  • Evidence and the chiropractic identity
  • An article regarding US chiropractors’ attitudes, skills and use of evidence-based practice: A cross-sectional national survey
  • A paper in Chiropractic and Manual Therapies describing on ongoing study consisting of 180 older adults (>60 years) who have both an anatomic diagnosis of stenosis confirmed by diagnostic imaging, and signs/symptoms consistent with a clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis confirmed by clinical examination. Treatment is randomized into 3 groups: 1) usual medical care; 2) individualized manual therapy and rehabilitative exercise; or 3) community-based group exercise.
  • Three consensus documents for the chiropractic profession including: 1) chiropractic care in health promotion, disease prevention, and wellness; 2) chiropractic care of older adults and; 3) chiropractic care for infants, children, and adolescents.
  • An observational intervention study dealing with a hospital-based standardized spine care pathway. The study looked at implementing a multidimensional spine care pathway (SCP) using the National Center for Quality Assurance (NCQA) Back Pain Recognition Program (BPRP) as its foundation. In the study, chiropractors were the main providers.

Here’s the link to the Foundations of Evidence Informed Practice modules that Dr. Schneider mentions in this podcast.  The course is hosted at the the University of Minnesota Center for Spirituality & Healing – Advancing the health and wellbeing of individuals, organizations and communities.

http://www.csh.umn.edu/research/foundations-evidence-informed-practice-modules