Episode

069 – Dr. Walter Herzog – Biomechanics, Spinal Manipulation, Vertebral Artery and Gait

In this interview Dr. Herzog and I discuss his research including: 1) the biomechanics of spinal manipulation; 2) spinal manipulation and the biomechanics of the vertebral artery; 3) spinal manipulation and gait and; 4) the sarcomere, titin and muscle contraction. Dr. Walter Herzog did his undergraduate training in Physical Education at the Federal Technical Institute in Zurich, Switzerland (1979), completed his doctoral research in Biomechanics at the University of Iowa (USA) in 1985, and completed postdoctoral fellowships in Neuroscience and Biomechanics in Calgary, Canada in 1987.

Currently, he is a Professor of Biomechanics with appointments in Kinesiology, Medicine, Engineering, and Veterinary Medicine, holds the Dr. Benno Nigg Chair in Biomechanics, Mobility and Longevity. He was the Canada Research Chair for Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics from 2001 to 2022 and the Killam Memorial Chair for Inter-Disciplinary Research from 2011 to 2021 at the University of Calgary.

His research interests are in musculoskeletal biomechanics with emphasis on mechanisms of muscle contraction focusing on the role of the structural protein titin, and the biomechanics of joints focusing on mechanisms of onset and progression of osteoarthritis.

Dr. Herzog is the recipient of the Borelli Award from the American Society of Biomechanics, the Career Award from the Canadian Society for Biomechanics, the Dyson Award from the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, the Muybridge Award from the International Society of Biomechanics, and received the Killam Prize in Engineering from the Canada Council for the Arts for his contributions to biomedical research. He is the past president of the International, American and Canadian Societies for Biomechanics. He was inducted into the Royal Society of Canada in 2013.

Here is the video for this episode.



Click here to view Dr. Herzog’s google scholar page.

Here are a few of the articles we discuss in this podcast episode.

1.
Strain of the vertebral artery during passive neck movements and spinal manipulation of the cervical spine: An observational study.
Fagundes C, Herzog W.
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024 Oct;40:569-574. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.05.011. Epub 2024 May 18.

PMID: 39593645
2.
A low-cost 2-D sarcomere model to demonstrate titin-related mechanisms for force production.
Baptista de Oliveira Medeiros H, de Brito Fontana H, Herzog W.
Adv Physiol Educ. 2024 Mar 1;48(1):92-96. doi: 10.1152/advan.00090.2023. Epub 2023 Dec 7.

PMID: 38059284
3.
Vertebral arteries do not experience tensile force during manual cervical spine manipulation applied to human cadavers.
Gorrell LM, Sawatsky A, Edwards WB, Herzog W.
J Man Manip Ther. 2023 Aug;31(4):261-269. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2022.2148048. Epub 2022 Nov 15.

PMID: 36382347 Free PMC article.
4.
Kinematics of the head and associated vertebral artery length changes during high-velocity, low-amplitude cervical spine manipulation.
Gorrell LM, Kuntze G, Ronsky JL, Carter R, Symons B, Triano JJ, Herzog W.
Chiropr Man Therap. 2022 Jun 1;30(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12998-022-00438-0.

PMID: 35650649 Free PMC article.
5.
Reflex Responses of Neck, Back, and Limb Muscles to High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Manual Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spinal Manipulation of Asymptomatic Individuals-A Descriptive Study.
Gorrell LM, Conway PJ, Herzog W.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2019 Oct;42(8):572-581. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.11.025.

PMID: 31864518
6.
Quantifying strain in the vertebral artery with simultaneous motion analysis of the head and neck: a preliminary investigation.
Piper SL, Howarth SJ, Triano J, Herzog W.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2014 Dec;29(10):1099-107. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Oct 23.

PMID: 25457973
7.
Biomechanical characterization of cervical spinal manipulation in living subjects and cadavers.
Symons B, Wuest S, Leonard T, Herzog W.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012 Oct;22(5):747-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 Mar 7.

PMID: 22402264
8.
The biomechanics of spinal manipulation.
Herzog W.
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010 Jul;14(3):280-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.03.004.

PMID: 20538226 Review.
9.
Preliminary report: biomechanics of vertebral artery segments C1-C6 during cervical spinal manipulation.
Wuest S, Symons B, Leonard T, Herzog W.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2010 May;33(4):273-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.03.007.

PMID: 20534313
10.
The forces applied by female and male chiropractors during thoracic spinal manipulation.
Forand D, Drover J, Suleman Z, Symons B, Herzog W.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 Jan;27(1):49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2003.11.006.

PMID: 14739874
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010- Assessing Spinal Structure, Function and Intervention with Dr. Greg Kawchuk

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In this episode, we learn about Dr. Kawchuk’s goal to develop new strategies and technologies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of spinal disorders and back pain – the most common of all musculoskeletal health problems.  Greg Kawchuk, DC, PhD has research interests that focus on defining the mechanisms that initiate and sustain spinal disorders so that clinically relevant strategies can be developed toward their prevention or resolution. A major component of his research involves developing new technologies to assess spinal structure and function, then using those technologies to evaluate various clinical interventions.  Dr. Kawchuk is clinically trained as a chiropractor (Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College).  His academic training began in molecular, microbial and cellular biology (BSc, University of Calgary) and then progressed to biomechanics and bioengineering (MSc, PhD, University of Calgary). He completed postdoctoral work at the State University of New York and the University of Calgary, and then joined the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Calgary as an Assistant Professor with an additional clinical appointment in Student Health Services.  He was recruited by the University of Alberta in 2004 to join the Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine as an Assistant Professor and the Canada Research Chair in Spinal Function. Dr. Kawchuk is currently Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Alberta.

In March of 2016 Dr. Kawchuk was awarded the American Chiropractic Association (ACA) George B. McClelland, DC, Researcher of the Year Award, which recognizes an individual for developing, refining and/or expanding the body of knowledge in chiropractic.

 For a list of Dr. Kawchuk’s scientific publications please click here.

Here is a list of the publications we discuss during this interview:

1. Do participants with low back pain who respond to spinal manipulative therapy differ biomechanically from nonresponders, untreated controls or asymptomatic controls?
Wong AY, Parent EC, Dhillon SS, Prasad N, Kawchuk GN.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Sep 1;40(17):1329-37. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000981.
PMID: 26020851 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
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2. The effect of application site of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on spinal stiffness.
Edgecombe TL, Kawchuk GN, Long CR, Pickar JG.
Spine J. 2015 Jun 1;15(6):1332-8. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.480.
PMID: 24139864 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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3. Real-time visualization of joint cavitation.
Kawchuk GN, Fryer J, Jaremko JL, Zeng H, Rowe L, Thompson R.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 15;10(4):e0119470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119470.
PMID: 25875374 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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4. The effect of duration and amplitude of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on spinal stiffness.
Vaillant M, Edgecombe T, Long CR, Pickar JG, Kawchuk GN.
Man Ther. 2012 Dec;17(6):577-83. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.06.006.
PMID: 22809745 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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5. Effect of cervical spine manipulation on a pre-existing vascular lesion within the canine vertebral artery.
Wynd S, Anderson T, Kawchuk G.
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;26(3):304-9. doi: 10.1159/000149578.
PMID: 18667811 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
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