Posts

In addition to the profession’s largest presentation of research abstracts, DC2017 has added a Researcher’s Forum for Saturday, March 18 that will focus on funding opportunities from around the globe followed by a general discussion of all things research. See you there! https://www.acatoday.org/DC2017

1400 Introduction – WFC Research Council Chair and Vice-Chair
1410 Funding opportunities around the globe
NCCIH, USA – Wendy Weber or delegate (10 min total)
ECCRE, Europe – Henrik Wulff Christensen or delegate (10 min total)
CCRF, Canada – Alison Dantas / Ronda Parks or delegate (10 min total)
CAA, Australia – Scott Charlton or delegate (10 min total)
COCA, Australia – Simon French or delegate (10 min total)
CRC, England – Elisabeth Angier or delegate – (10 min total)
Crowd-Sourced Funding – Greg Kawchuk – (10 min total)
Questions – (10 min)

Break 15:30 – 16:00

16:00 Open Research Forum (all) – WFC Research Council Chair and Vice-Chair
An open forum for all attendees to discuss research topics related to the profession
1730 – End

Episode

Drs. Imran Niazi and Kelly Holt

Drs. Imran Niazi and Kelly Holt discuss with me their research on chiropractic, falls risk, and neuroplasticity in various populations. Imran Khan Niazi received his B.Sc. degree in Electrical engineering (specialisation: Biomedical Engineering) from the Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2005, and his  Masters in biomedical engineering from University & FH Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany in 2009. Later he got his PhD under the supervision of Prof. Dario Farina from Center of sensory-motor interaction, Health Science Technology Department, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark in 2012. After working as a postdoc for a year, he moved to New Zealand in 2013, where he is currently working as Senior Research Fellow at New Zealand College of Chiropractic. He has an adjunct position in Aalborg University, Denmark and Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.

Dr. Niazi is interested in studying and understanding the altered mechanism of motor control and learning in neurological disorder to develop various technologies that can enhance the QOL of these patients. He has successfully co-supervised 4 PhD and 31 master thesis and currently has 4 active PhD students. He has authored 46 peer-reviewed journal papers and 82 conference papers (proceedings and extended abstracts including). His work has been cited more than 1100 times, and have an h-index of 16 according to google scholar. Over the last ten year, he has received funding worth around US $ 1.5 million from various sources. He is currently working as a review editor for Frontiers in Robotics and AI (Biomedical Robotics) and reviewer for more than 25 engineering/neuroscience journals.

Dr. Kelly Holt was a member of the 1998 inaugural graduating class of the New Zealand College of Chiropractic. Besides his chiropractic degree he also holds a Bachelor of Science majoring in physiology and a PhD in Health Science from the University of Auckland. His PhD focused on the effects of chiropractic care on sensorimotor function and falls risk in older adults. He has published work in a number of peer reviewed journals that investigated the effects of chiropractic care on nervous system function and the reliability of vertebral subluxation indicators and has won a number of international research awards. Kelly worked in private practice as a chiropractor for 10 years following graduation and has taught at the New Zealand College of Chiropractic since 2000 and is currently the Dean of Research at the College.   Kelly was named ‘Chiropractor of the Year’ by the New Zealand College of Chiropractic Alumni Association in 2012 and by the New Zealand Chiropractors’ Association in 2014.

View Dr. Imran Niazi’s research at researchgate.net and Dr. Kelly Holt’s research at researchgate.net.

In addition to Drs. Imran Niazi and Kelly Holt, you might also be interested in listening to the previous episode with Dr. Heidi Haavik, also from New Zealand College of Chiropractic discussing “brain adjustments”.

Below are the studies that we discuss in this interview.

1. The effects of a single session of chiropractic care on strength, cortical drive, and spinal excitability in stroke patients.
  Holt K, Niazi IK, Nedergaard RW, Duehr J, Amjad I, Shafique M, Anwar MN, Ndetan H, Turker KS, Haavik H.
  Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 25;9(1):2673. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39577-5.
  PMID: 30804399 [PubMed – in process] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
2. The effects of a single session of spinal manipulation on strength and cortical drive in athletes.
  Christiansen TL, Niazi IK, Holt K, Nedergaard RW, Duehr J, Allen K, Marshall P, Türker KS, Hartvigsen J, Haavik H.
  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 Apr;118(4):737-749. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3799-x. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
  PMID: 29327170 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
3. Effectiveness of Chiropractic Care to Improve Sensorimotor Function Associated With Falls Risk in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
  Holt KR, Haavik H, Lee AC, Murphy B, Elley CR.
  J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 May;39(4):267-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003. Epub 2016 Apr 2.
  PMID: 27050038 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
4. Changes in H-reflex and V-waves following spinal manipulation.
  Niazi IK, Türker KS, Flavel S, Kinget M, Duehr J, Haavik H.
  Exp Brain Res. 2015 Apr;233(4):1165-73. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-4193-5. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
  PMID: 25579661 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
Drs. Cindy Peterson and Kim Humphreys

Drs. Cindy Peterson and Kim Humphreys join me to talk about cervical and lumbar disc herniation comparative effectiveness studies involving spinal manipulation compared to nerve root injections. We also discuss spinal manipulation for neck pain with and without dizziness as well as for chronic low back pain.

Cynthia Peterson, RN, DC, DACBR, M.Med.Ed. has worked as a chiropractic radiologist, researcher and educator in 4 countries.  She retired from her positions as Professor and researcher, Radiology Department, Orthopaedic University hospital Balgrist and Professor, Chiropractic Medicine Programme, University of Zürich in 2017. Dr. Peterson has published numerous research studies in many journals including ‘Spine’, European Spine Journal, ‘American Journal of Roentgenology’, ‘JMPT’ and ‘Skeletal Radiology’.  She is currently a Visiting Professor for the Chiropractic Department in the Faculty of Health at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa and is the Quality Assurance Consultant for the European Council on Chiropractic Education.

Barry Kim Humphreys, BSc, DC, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich. He retired in July 2017, after 9 years as the first Professor for Chiropractic Medicine in Switzerland. During this time, Professor Humphreys was responsible for the development and accreditations of the chiropractic education program, research portfolio and teaching clinic within the university, medical faculty and teaching hospital. Professor Humphreys is a graduate of the University of British Columbia (BSc), Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (DC), and the University of Southampton, UK (PhD). He has been Academic Dean, Anglo-European College of Chiropractic, Dean of Graduate Education and Research, CMCC and Professor, Chiropractic Medicine, University of Zurich. He has been active in research including chiropractic clinical outcome studies for back and neck pain, functional MRI studies of chronic pain patients and back pain in various gravitational environments (parabolic flight).

Please view Drs. Cindy Peterson and Kim Humphreys research at researchgate.net (Peterson) as well as at researchgate.net (Humphreys).

View all of the podcast episodes at chiropracticscience.com

Here are the articles we discuss in this episode:

1. Symptomatic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Confirmed Cervical Disk Herniation Patients: A Comparative-Effectiveness Prospective Observational Study of 2 Age- and Sex-Matched Cohorts Treated With Either Imaging-Guided Indirect Cervical Nerve Root Injections or Spinal Manipulative Therapy.
  Peterson CK, Pfirrmann CW, Hodler J, Leemann S, Schmid C, Anklin B, Humphreys BK.
  J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Mar-Apr;39(3):210-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.004. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
  PMID: 27040033 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
2. Symptomatic magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed lumbar disk herniation patients: a comparative effectiveness prospective observational study of 2 age- and sex-matched cohorts treated with either high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulative therapy or imaging-guided lumbar nerve root injections.
  Peterson CK, Leemann S, Lechmann M, Pfirrmann CW, Hodler J, Humphreys BK.
  J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013 May;36(4):218-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.04.005. Epub 2013 May 22.
  PMID: 23706678 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
  Similar articles
3. Comparison of outcomes in neck pain patients with and without dizziness undergoing chiropractic treatment: a prospective cohort study with 6 month follow-up.
  Humphreys BK, Peterson C.
  Chiropr Man Therap. 2013 Jan 7;21(1):3. doi: 10.1186/2045-709X-21-3.
  PMID: 23295018 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles
4. An observational study on trajectories and outcomes of chronic low back pain patients referred from a spine surgery division for chiropractic treatment.
  Wirth B, Riner F, Peterson C, Humphreys BK, Farshad M, Becker S, Schweinhardt P.
  Chiropr Man Therap. 2019 Feb 5;27:6. doi: 10.1186/s12998-018-0225-8. eCollection 2019.
  PMID: 30766664 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
  Similar articles

Dr. Jonathan FieldDr. Field and I discuss the clinical significance of patient reported outcomes and Care Response. Care Response is a free and pragmatic system to help practices gather and report clinical outcome and patient satisfaction information with minimal work from practice staff.  Dr. Field is a clinical and NHS services lead at the Back2Health partnership providing community based MSK services to NHS and private patients. He has an active interest in research particularly relating to the impact of non-physical factors on recovery of chiropractic patients and the use of patients reports of changes in their health status (PROMs) and their experiences with care (PREMS).

This interest has been developed through a MSc and most recently by submission of his PhD Thesis on ‘Collecting and predicting patient reported outcomes in chiropractic practice’. Dr. Field chairs the Pain Faculty of the RCC which seeks to help chiropractors improve their evidence based management of patients presenting with the symptom of pain. To help practices interested in patient centred and outcome focused care Dr. Field has developed the Care Response system to facilitate the collection and collation of PROM and PREM data. This system is provided free to any practitioner who wishes to use it, and it has been adopted by over two hundred clinicians around Europe and Australasia thanks to funding from the European Chiropractic Union and European Academy of Chiropractic it is available in 7 languages.

Learn more about Care Response.

Take a look at Dr. Field’s publications at researchgate.

Here are the articles we discuss in this interview.

1. The impact of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice for pain: a systematic review.
Holmes MM, Lewith G, Newell D, Field J, Bishop FL.
Qual Life Res. 2017 Feb;26(2):245-257. doi: 10.1007/s11136-016-1449-5. Review.
PMID: 27815820 [PubMed – in process] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
2. Clinical Outcomes in a Large Cohort of Musculoskeletal Patients Undergoing Chiropractic Care in the United Kingdom: A Comparison of Self- and National Health Service-Referred Routes.
Field JR, Newell D.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Jan;39(1):54-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.12.003.
PMID: 26837228 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Similar articles
3. Reconceptualising patient-reported outcome measures: what could they mean for your clinical practice
Holmes MM, Bishop FL, Field J
Pain News 2016, Vol 14(2) 79 –82

Alan BreenDr. Alan Breen and I discuss spine dynamics and spine control along with quantitative fluoroscopy in chiropractic research and practice. Dr. Alan Breen graduated from the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College in 1967, then travelled in North America, Australia and Europe before starting a part time teaching post at the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic (AECC) in Bournemouth UK in 1971, he established a practice in Salisbury in 1974, which continues. In 1986 Dr. Breen became Director of Research at AECC and focussed on musculoskeletal research and epidemiology, encouraging staff to undertake doctoral studies. In 1999 he became director of a new musculoskeletal research institute – the Institute for Musculoskeletal Research and Clinical Implementation, where he continues to work. Dr. Breen is also Professor of Musculoskeletal Research in the Faculty of Science and Technology at Bournemouth University.

Dr. Breen published the first epidemiology paper by a chiropractor in a medical journal in 1977 then built a collaboration that resulted in a trial by the Medical Research Council in the UK. This was published in 1991 and had a positive outcome for chiropractors. His PhD project, which was completed in 1991, involved the invention of Quantitative Fluoroscopy, a technology that measures inter-vertebral motion in living subjects and which has now entered clinical use. He is a former member of the World Federation of Chiropractic’s Research Council.

Here is the link to Dr. Alan Breen’s website at the Institute for Musculoskeletal Research and Clinical Implementation.

To view Dr. Breen’s research publications please visit researchgate.

Here are the links to the articles we discussed in this interview:

1. Relationships between Paraspinal Muscle Activity and Lumbar Inter-Vertebral Range of Motion.
du Rose A, Breen A.
Healthcare (Basel). 2016 Jan 5;4(1). pii: E4. doi: 10.3390/healthcare4010004.
PMID: 27417592 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
2. Proportional lumbar spine inter-vertebral motion patterns: a comparison of patients with chronic, non-specific low back pain and healthy controls.
Mellor FE, Thomas PW, Thompson P, Breen AC.
Eur Spine J. 2014 Oct;23(10):2059-67. doi: 10.1007/s00586-014-3273-3.
PMID: 24676852 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Similar articles
3. Does inter-vertebral range of motion increase after spinal manipulation? A prospective cohort study.
Branney J, Breen AC.
Chiropr Man Therap. 2014 Jul 1;22:24. doi: 10.1186/s12998-014-0024-9.
PMID: 25035795 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
4. Measurement of intervertebral motion using quantitative fluoroscopy: report of an international forum and proposal for use in the assessment of degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine.
Breen AC, Teyhen DS, Mellor FE, Breen AC, Wong KW, Deitz A.
Adv Orthop. 2012;2012:802350. doi: 10.1155/2012/802350.
PMID: 22666606 [PubMed] Free PMC Article
Similar articles

 

greg0483

In this episode, we learn about Dr. Kawchuk’s goal to develop new strategies and technologies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of spinal disorders and back pain – the most common of all musculoskeletal health problems.  Greg Kawchuk, DC, PhD has research interests that focus on defining the mechanisms that initiate and sustain spinal disorders so that clinically relevant strategies can be developed toward their prevention or resolution. A major component of his research involves developing new technologies to assess spinal structure and function, then using those technologies to evaluate various clinical interventions.  Dr. Kawchuk is clinically trained as a chiropractor (Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College).  His academic training began in molecular, microbial and cellular biology (BSc, University of Calgary) and then progressed to biomechanics and bioengineering (MSc, PhD, University of Calgary). He completed postdoctoral work at the State University of New York and the University of Calgary, and then joined the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Calgary as an Assistant Professor with an additional clinical appointment in Student Health Services.  He was recruited by the University of Alberta in 2004 to join the Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine as an Assistant Professor and the Canada Research Chair in Spinal Function. Dr. Kawchuk is currently Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Alberta.

In March of 2016 Dr. Kawchuk was awarded the American Chiropractic Association (ACA) George B. McClelland, DC, Researcher of the Year Award, which recognizes an individual for developing, refining and/or expanding the body of knowledge in chiropractic.

 For a list of Dr. Kawchuk’s scientific publications please click here.

Here is a list of the publications we discuss during this interview:

1. Do participants with low back pain who respond to spinal manipulative therapy differ biomechanically from nonresponders, untreated controls or asymptomatic controls?
Wong AY, Parent EC, Dhillon SS, Prasad N, Kawchuk GN.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Sep 1;40(17):1329-37. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000981.
PMID: 26020851 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Similar articles
2. The effect of application site of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on spinal stiffness.
Edgecombe TL, Kawchuk GN, Long CR, Pickar JG.
Spine J. 2015 Jun 1;15(6):1332-8. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.480.
PMID: 24139864 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
3. Real-time visualization of joint cavitation.
Kawchuk GN, Fryer J, Jaremko JL, Zeng H, Rowe L, Thompson R.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 15;10(4):e0119470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119470.
PMID: 25875374 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
4. The effect of duration and amplitude of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on spinal stiffness.
Vaillant M, Edgecombe T, Long CR, Pickar JG, Kawchuk GN.
Man Ther. 2012 Dec;17(6):577-83. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.06.006.
PMID: 22809745 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
Similar articles
5. Effect of cervical spine manipulation on a pre-existing vascular lesion within the canine vertebral artery.
Wynd S, Anderson T, Kawchuk G.
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;26(3):304-9. doi: 10.1159/000149578.
PMID: 18667811 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Similar articles

Dr. John SrbelyListen to this great interview with Dr. John Srbely as we talk about his research interests in chiropractic, myofascial pain, myofascial trigger points and central sensitization.  Dr. Srbely is a researcher and Assistant Professor at the University of Guelph in the Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences.  He studies the physiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points and their role in the clinical expression and treatment of pain and joint/muscle dysfunction in chronic disease. A core theme to his research is the study of central sensitization which is a fundamental neuradaptive process associated with the pathophysiology of pain and disease.

Dr. Srbely’s research expertise and interests lie in the fields of clinical biomechanics and neurophysiology. He has a specific interest in the study of pain and joint function associated with aging and chronic disease such as osteoarthritis, myofascial pain and fibromyalgia. To this extent, he studies the physiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points and their role in the clinical expression and treatment of pain and joint/muscle dysfunction in chronic disease. A core theme to his research is the study of central sensitization. Central sensitization is a fundamental neuradaptive process associated with the pathophysiology of pain and disease, however, the impact of central sensitization on the physiologic expression of chronic myofascial pain and human mechanics/pathomechanics in chronic degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis is poorly understood. Dr. Srbely’s research initiatives aim to develop novel/enhance existing treatment approaches in clinical pain management (diagnosis and treatment) and musculoskeletal biomechanics/pathomechanics associated with chronic diseases and aging.

View Dr. Srbely’s research at researchgate.net.

Here are some of the articles we discuss in this episode:

1.
Knowledge Transfer within the Canadian Chiropractic Community. Part 1: Understanding Evidence-Practice Gaps.

Kawchuk G, Bruno P, Busse JW, Bussières A, Erwin M, Passmore S, Srbely J.
J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2013 Jun;57(2):111-5.

PMID: 23754855 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

2.
Immediate effects of spinal manipulative therapy on regional antinociceptive effects in myofascial tissues in healthy young adults.

Srbely JZ, Vernon H, Lee D, Polgar M.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013 Jul-Aug;36(6):333-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.01.005. Epub 2013 Jul 3.

PMID: 23830709 Clinical Trial.

3.
Spinal manipulative therapy and its role in the prevention, treatment and management of chronic pain.

Srbely J.
J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2012 Mar;56(1):5-7.

PMID: 22457535 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

4.
Chiropractic science: a contemporary neurophysiologic paradigm.

Srbely J.
J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2010 Sep;54(3):144-6.

PMID: 20808613 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

5.
Capsaicin-induced central sensitization evokes segmental increases in trigger point sensitivity in humans.

Srbely JZ, Dickey JP, Bent LR, Lee D, Lowerison M.
J Pain. 2010 Jul;11(7):636-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.005. Epub 2009 Dec 16.

PMID: 20015704 Clinical Trial.

6.
Knowledge Transfer within the Canadian Chiropractic Community. Part 2: Narrowing the Evidence-Practice Gap.

Kawchuk G, Newton G, Srbely J, Passmore S, Bussières A, Busse JW, Bruno P.
J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2014 Sep;58(3):206-14.

PMID: 25202148 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Dr. Bernadette MurphyListen to this great interview with Dr. Bernadette Murphy. This is an interview that all chiropractors and students will want to listen to! We talk about many interesting concepts such as the current state of neurophysiology research within chiropractic, neural adaptation in humans and the role of chiropractic adjustments in aiding the re-establishment of appropriate neuromuscular connections, how a chiropractic adjustment works and much more.  She is at the forefront of research regarding the neurophysiology of chiropractic.  Dr. Murphy graduated from Queens University in 1985 and the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College in 1989 before moving to New Zealand where she completed her MSc (1992) and PhD (1998) in Human Neurophysiology at the University of Auckland. She was a fulltime faculty member in the Department of Sport and Exercise Science from 1999-2007, where she established an MSc in Exercise Rehabilitation.  In January 2008, she returned to Canada and took on the role of Head of Kinesiology in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT).  She is the Director of the Human Neurophysiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory. The overall theme of her research is neural adaptation in humans and the role of physical interventions such as spinal manipulation and exercise in aiding the re-establishment of appropriate neuromuscular connections.  She has previously been awarded the World Federation of Chiropractic best scientific paper award (1995) and 3rd prize in 2007; the New Zealand Chiropractor of the year (2004) and the 2010 Ontario Chiropractic Association award for most significant contributions to research.  She has supervised numerous award winning Masters and PhD students and received significant research funding in New Zealand, Australia and Canada.

Dr. Smith and Dr. Murphy at University of Ontario Institute of Technology

 Dr. Murphy and Dr. Smith at University of Ontario Institute of Technology

View Dr. Murphy’s research at researchgate.net.

Articles that we talk about in this episode include:

1.
The impact of cervical manipulation on heart rate variability.
Shafiq H, McGregor C, Murphy B.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;2014:3406-9. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944354.
PMID: 25570722
2.
The role of spinal manipulation in addressing disordered sensorimotor integration and altered motor control.
Haavik H, Murphy B.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012 Oct;22(5):768-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.012. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
PMID: 22483612 Review.
3.
Alterations in cortical and cerebellar motor processing in subclinical neck pain patients following spinal manipulation.
Daligadu J, Haavik H, Yielder PC, Baarbe J, Murphy B.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013 Oct;36(8):527-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.08.003. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
PMID: 24035521
4.
Subclinical neck pain and the effects of cervical manipulation on elbow joint position sense.
Haavik H, Murphy B.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011 Feb;34(2):88-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.12.009.
PMID: 21334540
5.
Altered central integration of dual somatosensory input after cervical spine manipulation.
Taylor HH, Murphy B.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2010 Mar-Apr;33(3):178-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.01.005.
PMID: 20350670
6.
Altered sensorimotor integration with cervical spine manipulation.
Taylor HH, Murphy B.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008 Feb;31(2):115-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2007.12.011.
PMID: 18328937